Climate change impacts are a major threat to water resource, agricultural sustainability, and livelihoods throughout the world. This review presents effects of climatic change on water resources, such as surface water, groundwater, precipitation, water quality, and general availability, their implications to Bangladesh Agriculture. In addition, it discusses and reviews sustainable agricultural practices to reduce these effects and augment agro-ecological resilience. The analysis reveals that climate change is estimated to enhance the hydrology variability resulting to heightened incidence of droughts and floods, declining ground water levels, poor water quality as a result of other factors such as arsenic contamination and salinity, and changed regimes of soil moisture. These changes have profound implications on agricultural productivity, food security and irrigation demands. Some of the practices include development of climate resistant varieties of crops, efficient irrigation methods (e.g. drip and sprinkler irrigation, alternate wetting and drying), rainwater harvesting and storage (e.g. farm ponds, check dams) integrated water resources management, agro forestry demonstrates, conjunctive use of surface and groundwater, soil health improvement. But they are very popularly adopted driven by policy facilitation, socio-economic factors, community involvement and technological accessibility. The main issues are uncertainty on the climate projections, the absence of localized impact studies, and impediments to the implementation of sustainable practices. The paper concludes that there is an urgent need for integrated, context specific plans and focused research to strengthen the water resources for agriculture sector against the increasing pressures of the climate change.