Abstract

Author:
Aayushma Ghimire, Smriti Bhandari, Anjali Mehta

Doi: 10.26480/efcc.01.2025.13.17

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

The effects of climate change are evident in Nepal’s diverse topography and vegetation, which exhibit varied degrees of climate. Climate change is evident in the regularly shifting monsoon patterns that cause landslides, floods, droughts, and other unforeseen consequences that harm the nation’s subsistence farming methods. Rising temperatures, changing rainfall patterns, and higher CO₂ levels are altering crop growth, development, and yields. This chapter analyzes climate change’s effects on plant development, flowering cycles, and pollination, highlighting critical adaptation needs and examines how climate change affects agriculture in Nepal, focusing on its direct and indirect impacts on horticultural crops like fruits, vegetables, and ornamentals. Solutions involve cultivating climate-resistant crops, adjusting farming methods, and enhancing pest control Crop productivity has been impacted by the prevalence of extreme events and increased temperature fluctuation, which have also changed the timing of agricultural operations and made crops more susceptible to biotic and abiotic stresses. It will be essential to comprehend the intricate relationships that exist between horticulture systems and climate variables in order to create successful climate change solutions. Integrating adaptive and preventive measures can strengthen horticulture’s resilience, safeguarding future yields and ecosystem stability. More planned adaptation aiming at a wider scale and longer duration is required to maintain the livelihood security of small-holder farmers, even in the face of local community’s increasing attempts to adjust to changing climate and variability.